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Writer's pictureLaura Appezzato
Nov 11, 20245 min read

Canine Cancer Awareness: Knowledge, Prevention, and Hope

The month of November is not only a time of transition into winter, but also a crucial time to raise awareness about an issue that deeply affects many dog owners: canine cancer. As breeders and dog lovers, it is our duty to educate and inform on this sensitive but vitally important topic.


brown cocker spaniel with cancer ribbon.jpg

Cancer in Dogs: A Reality We Have to Face

Cancer is a disease that does not spare our faithful companions. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, nearly 50% of dogs over the age of 10 develop some form of cancer. This statistic highlights the importance of being vigilant and informed.


Signs Not to Underestimate

Early diagnosis can mean the difference between life and death. Here are some signs to watch for:

  • Abnormal lumps or swellings: These can appear anywhere on your dog’s body, but are especially concerning if they grow rapidly or change shape. Not all lumps are cancerous, but it is essential to have them examined by a veterinarian.

  • Wounds that don't heal: If a wound or abrasion doesn't heal within a week or two, it could be a sign of a more serious problem. Some forms of skin cancer can manifest as persistent lesions.

  • Unexplained weight loss: Significant weight loss without changes in diet or exercise can be a warning sign. Many types of cancer can cause weight loss, including gastrointestinal cancers and lymphomas.

  • Loss of Appetite: If your dog shows a sudden disinterest in food, especially if accompanied by other symptoms, it may be a cause for concern. Cancer can affect appetite in a variety of ways, both directly and indirectly.

  • Bleeding or unusual discharge: Any abnormal bleeding, including blood in the stool, urine, or vomit, requires immediate attention. Unusual discharge from the nose, mouth, or other parts of the body should also be evaluated.

  • Difficulty breathing or persistent cough: Breathing problems may indicate lung tumors or lung metastases. A cough that persists for more than a few days, especially if it is dry or accompanied by mucus or blood, requires a veterinary check-up.

  • Changes in Behavior or Energy: A decrease in energy or changes in behavior, such as irritability or withdrawal, can be signs of illness. While these symptoms can be caused by a variety of conditions, cancer can certainly affect a dog's behavior.

These symptoms do not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer, but they do warrant prompt veterinary check-up.


Prevention: The Best Approach

While we can't completely prevent cancer, we can take steps to reduce our risks:

  • Balanced Diet: A diet rich in antioxidants can help fight free radicals that can damage cells. Foods such as blueberries, spinach, and carrots are excellent sources of antioxidants. Limiting the intake of refined carbohydrates and saturated fats can also be beneficial. Consult your veterinarian for a personalized feeding plan.

  • Regular Exercise: Physical activity not only keeps weight under control, but it also stimulates the immune system. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily, adjusted for your dog's age and health condition. This could include walks, swimming, or play sessions.

  • Regular veterinary checkups: Routine visits should include complete blood tests and thorough physicals. For older dogs or breeds predisposed to cancer, more frequent or specific screenings, such as x-rays or ultrasounds, may be recommended.

  • Limit exposure to toxic substances: In addition to avoiding pesticides and secondhand smoke, consider using natural, non-toxic household products. Also be wary of excessive exposure to UV rays, which can increase the risk of skin cancer, especially in dogs with short or light-colored fur.

  • Spay/Neuter: These procedures can significantly reduce the risk of mammary tumors in females and testicular tumors in males. However, the optimal timing for surgery may vary depending on the breed and size of your dog. Talk to your veterinarian to determine the best timing.



scientist working in lab to treat dogs with cancer

Innovative Treatments: New Hopes

Canine cancer research is making significant progress. Some of the most promising treatments include:

  • Immunotherapy: This therapy uses the dog’s immune system to fight cancer. It includes cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR T-cell therapies. For example, the canine oral melanoma vaccine has shown promise in prolonging survival in dogs with this aggressive form of cancer.

  • Targeted therapies: These treatments focus on specific molecular changes in tumor cells. An example is the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat mast cell tumors, a common type of skin cancer in dogs. These therapies may offer greater efficacy with fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy.

  • Advanced radiation therapy: New radiation therapy techniques, such as stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), allow higher doses of radiation to be delivered directly to the tumor while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. This can be especially helpful for tumors in areas that are difficult to treat surgically.

  • Personalized Medicine: This approach uses genetic analysis of the tumor to determine the most effective treatment. For example, the TK1 genomic test can help predict the aggressiveness of certain types of cancer and guide treatment decisions. Additionally, liquid biopsy is emerging as a noninvasive tool to monitor cancer progression and response to treatment.


The Role of Research and Clinical Trials

Canine cancer research not only benefits our loyal companions, but can also provide valuable insights into the treatment of human cancer. Many academic veterinary centers and research institutions conduct clinical trials on new treatments for canine cancer. Participating in these trials can give dogs access to cutting-edge therapies and help advance veterinary science.

Some examples of ongoing studies include:

  • Testing new immunotherapy drugs for canine lymphoma

  • Use of Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery in Bone Tumors

  • Development of personalized therapeutic vaccines based on the genetic profile of the tumor

If your dog is diagnosed with cancer, ask your veterinarian about clinical trials available in your area.


The Crucial Role of Owners

As owners, we are on the front lines of our dog's battle against cancer. Carefully observing changes in our pet's behavior or appearance can lead to early diagnosis. Never hesitate to consult your veterinarian if you notice anything unusual.



dog support group

Support & Resources

Dealing with a cancer diagnosis in your dog can be emotionally devastating. It is important to remember that you are not alone in this journey. In addition to the professional support of your veterinarian, consider:

  • Join online or local support groups for dog owners with cancer

  • Seek professional advice if you feel overwhelmed

  • Maintaining as normal a routine as possible for your dog, as it can help both you and your pet.

There are several organizations that offer support and resources:


Conclusion

Cancer in dogs is a complex challenge, but with growing awareness, advanced research, and access to innovative treatments, there is more hope than ever. As responsible owners, our vigilance, combined with regular veterinary care, can make a significant difference in the prevention and early detection of cancer.

As we celebrate Canine Cancer Awareness Month, let’s remember that every day is an opportunity to learn, educate others, and take action for the well-being of our loyal companions. With love, care, and the right resources, we can meet even the most difficult challenges, ensuring our dogs have the best quality of life possible.

Keep learning, ask your vet questions, and share your knowledge with other dog owners. Together, we can make a difference in the fight against canine cancer and celebrate every precious moment with our beloved canine companions.



Resources and sources:

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